A Novel Risk Engine for Diabetes-related Complications among Individuals with Type 1 Diabetes

Abstract

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is often characterized by the destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic ?? cells1, Even though T1D affects people of all ages, the risk of developing T1D peaks for children that are aged from 5-7 The prevalence of T1D among people that are under 30 years old was 2.6/1000 at the time of 2010 The average increase rate for T1D during the period 1999-2010 was 0.08% per 4 years2 As evidenced by Diabetes Controls and Complications Trial (DCCT) and the following Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC) study3, compared to conventional therapy, Intensive T1D management approaches, which include using insulin injections/pump together with self-monitored glucose measurement to keep blood glucose within normal range, have long-term protection effect against the development and progression of T1D related complications4 There is an inverse relationship between the intensive T1D treatment and the incidence of severe hypoglycemia4 T1D complications are a concern, T1D complications are the major cause of morbidity and mortality among T1D patients5 CVD complications are the leading causes of death among T1D patients5 Understanding and identifying risk factors of T1D complications is crucial to better T1D care management, which protects T1D patients against T1D complications, No threshold effect: any decrease in the hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) level is associated with a comparable decrease in the relative risk of complications4 There is also no specific HbA1c level that indicates the occurrence of T1D complications, which suggest the presence of other risk factors such as hypertension, smoking, and obesity4 Risk engine for T1D complications, Currently, there is no generally accepted risk-predicting model for the T1D population in the United States