Abstract
Background: HbA1c is widely used to estimate glycemia, yet it is less reliable in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). There is growing interest in complementary use of glycated albumin (GA) to improve glycemic monitoring and risk stratification. However, whether GA associates with clinical outcomes in a non-dialysis dependent CKD population has not been investigated.
Objective: To determine the association of GA with clinical outcomes and whether GA adds prognostic value to HbA1c in a large CKD population.
Design: Prospective cohort study.
Setting: Seven U.S. centers.
Participants: 3,110 participants with CKD in the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort study.
Measurements: Baseline GA.
Results: During an average 7.9-year follow-up, there were 980 end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) events, 968 CVD events, and 1084 deaths. Higher GA levels were independently associated with greater risks of all outcomes in patients with CKD, regardless of diabetes status: hazard ratios for ESKD, CVD, and death among participants with the highest quartile compared with quartile 2 (reference) were 1.42 (95%CI, 1.19-1.69), 1.67 (CI, 1.39-2.01), and 1.63 (CI, 1.37-1.94), respectively. The associations with CVD and death appeared J-shaped, with increased risk also seen at the lowest GA levels. Among patients with coexisting CKD and diabetes, the associations of GA with outcomes remained significant even after adjustment for HbA1c. For each outcome, we observed a significant fraction of new prognostic information when both GA and HbA1c were added to models.
Limitation: Single GA measurement.
Conclusions: Among patients with CKD, GA levels were independently associated with risks of ESKD, CVD, and mortality, regardless of diabetes status. GA added prognostic value to HbA1c among patients with coexisting CKD and diabetes.