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Publication Information
Affiliation
The Jesse Z and Sara Lea Shafer Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, National Center for Childhood Diabetes, Schneider Children’s Medical Center of Israel; The Jesse Z and Sara Lea Shafer Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, National Center for Childhood Diabetes, Schneider Children’s Medical Center of Israel; International Diabetes Center, HealthPartners Institute; Southern Health NHS Foundation Trust; AUF DER BULT, Diabetes-Center for Children and Adolescents, Endocrinology and General Paediatrics; Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge; Center for Diabetes Technology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia; Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver—Anschutz Medical Campus; CGParkin Communications, Inc.; Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School; Department of Diabetes, King’s College London; Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, Nutritional Medicine and Metabolism, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern; Jaeb Center for Health Research Foundation, Inc.; AUF DER BULT, Diabetes-Center for Children and Adolescents, Endocrinology and General Paediatrics; AUF DER BULT, Diabetes-Center for Children and Adolescents, Endocrinology and General Paediatrics; College of Nursing, University of Utah; Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital and San Raffaele Vita Salute University; Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories; Center for Diabetes Technology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia; Center for Diabetes Technology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, School of Medicine; The diaTribe Foundation/Close Concerns; International Diabetes Center, HealthPartners Institute; Harold Schnitzer Diabetes Health Center, Oregon Health & Science University; Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester; The diaTribe Foundation/Close Concerns; Department of Woman and Child’s Health, University of Padova; International Diabetes Center, HealthPartners Institute; Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth Children’s Hospital; Diabetes & Endocrine Care Clinique Pédiatrique DECCP/Centre Hospitalier Luxembourg, and Faculty of Sciences, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch sur Alzette, GD Luxembourg/Department of Paediatrics, UZ-VUB; Department of Paediatrics, University of Otago; Division of Pediatric Diabetes and Endocrinology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital; Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Internal Medicine; Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, UMC - University Children’s Hospital, Ljubljana, Slovenia, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana; Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University; Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital—Pediatric Endocrinology, Stanford University School of Medicine; The Jesse Z and Sara Lea Shafer Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, National Center for Childhood Diabetes, Schneider Children’s Medical Center of Israel; Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver—Anschutz Medical Campus; Department of Diabetes, King’s College London; Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver—Anschutz Medical Campus; International Diabetes Center, HealthPartners Institute; Center for Diabetes Technology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia; Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University; Wolfson Diabetes and Endocrine Clinic, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust; Science Consulting in Diabetes GmbH; Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield; Department of Medicine, University of Washington Diabetes Institute, University of Washington; Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine; Cleveland Clinic, Endocrinology and Metabolism Institute; Diabetes Research Institute, Mills-Peninsula Medical Center; AUF DER BULT, Diabetes-Center for Children and Adolescents, Endocrinology and General Paediatrics; JDRF International; Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School; Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine; Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust/University of Manchester; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, School of Medicine; Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia; Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen and Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen; Department of Medicine and Department of Endocrinology, St Vincent’s Hospital Melbourne, University of Melbourne; Department of Family Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus; Department of Family Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus; Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition, Montpellier University Hospital, and Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM; School of Kinesiology & Health Science, Muscle Health Research Centre, York University; Biomedical Informatics Consultants LLC; Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Diabetes Institute, University of Florida; Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver—Anschutz Medical Campus; Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, Pediatric Endocrinology; International Diabetes Center, HealthPartners Institute; Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver—Anschutz Medical Campus; Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust; Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, Pediatric Endocrinology; Department of Diabetes & Endocrinology, University Hospitals of Derby and Burton NHS Trust; Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, UMC - University Children’s Hospital, Ljubljana, Slovenia, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana
Authors
Phillip Moshe, Nimri Revital, Bergenstal Richard M, Barnard-Kelly Katharine, Danne Thomas, Hovorka Roman, Kovatchev Boris P, Messer Laurel H, Parkin Christopher G, Ambler-Osborn Louise, Amiel Stephanie A, Bally Lia, Beck Roy W, Biester Sarah, Biester Torben, Blanchette Julia E, Bosi Emanuele, Boughton Charlotte K, Breton Marc D, Brown Sue A, Buckingham Bruce A, Cai Albert, Carlson Anders L, Castle Jessica R, Choudhary Pratik, Close Kelly L, Cobelli Claudio, Criego Amy B, Davis Elizabeth, de Beaufort Carine, de Bock Martin I, DeSalvo Daniel J, DeVries J Hans, Dovc Klemen, Doyle Francis J, Ekhlaspour Laya, Shvalb Naama Fisch, Forlenza Gregory P, Gallen Geraldine, Garg Satish K, Gershenoff Dana C, Gonder-Frederick Linda A, Haidar Ahmad, Hartnell Sara, Heinemann Lutz, Heller Simon, Hirsch Irl B, Hood Korey K, Isaacs Diana, Klonoff David C, Kordonouri Olga, Kowalski Aaron, Laffel Lori, Lawton Julia, Lal Rayhan A, Leelarathna Lalantha, Maahs David M, Murphy Helen R, Nørgaard Kirsten, O’Neal David, Oser Sean, Oser Tamara, Renard Eric, Riddell Michael C, Rodbard David, Russell Steven J, Schatz Desmond A, Shah Viral N, Sherr Jennifer L, Simonson Gregg D, Wadwa R Paul, Ward Candice, Weinzimer Stuart A, Wilmot Emma G, Battelino Tadej
Studies
Abstract
The significant and growing global prevalence of diabetes continues to challenge people with diabetes (PwD), healthcare providers, and payers. While maintaining near-normal glucose levels has been shown to prevent or delay the progression of the long-term complications of diabetes, a significant proportion of PwD are not attaining their glycemic goals. During the past 6 years, we have seen tremendous advances in automated insulin delivery (AID) technologies. Numerous randomized controlled trials and real-world studies have shown that the use of AID systems is safe and effective in helping PwD achieve their long-term glycemic goals while reducing hypoglycemia risk. Thus, AID systems have recently become an integral part of diabetes management. However, recommendations for using AID systems in clinical settings have been lacking. Such guided recommendations are critical for AID success and acceptance. All clinicians working with PwD need to become familiar with the available systems in order to eliminate disparities in diabetes quality of care. This report provides much-needed guidance for clinicians who are interested in utilizing AIDs and presents a comprehensive listing of the evidence payers should consider when determining eligibility criteria for AID insurance coverage.