The APOL1 Long-term Kidney Transplantation Outcomes (APOLLO) study prospectively assessed the effects of renal-risk variants (RRVs) in the apolipoprotein L1 gene (APOL1) on outcomes for kidneys from donors with recent African ancestry and the recipients of their kidneys, after deceased- and living-donor renal transplantation. For the purposes of APOLLO, recent African ancestry is defined as individuals with similar genetic make-up to those currently residing in Africa. APOLLO also studied the impact of APOL1 RRVs on the health of living kidney donors with recent African ancestry.

The primary objective was to improve outcomes of kidney transplants from African American donors.

The secondary objectives were to increase the number of kidneys transplanted, reduce rates of discard of African American deceased donor kidneys, improve matching of donor kidneys with recipients, and improve safety of living kidney donation in African Americans.

The outcome measure was death-censored kidney allograft survival.

• Deceased organ donors and living kidney donors self-reporting their ancestry as African American, African, Afro-Caribbean, or Hispanic Black, as well as the recipients of their kidneys

• Deceased organ donors and living kidney donors self-reporting ancestry as other than African American, African, Afro-Caribbean, or Hispanic Black, or unwilling or unable to provide informed consent

The impact of APOL1 genotypes of kidney donors and recipients remains under study.