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Citation
Krischer, Jeffrey (2024). The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) (Version 32) [Dataset] NIDDK Central Repository. https://doi.org/10.58020/y3jk-x087
Data Availability Statement
Data from the The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) [(Version 32) https://doi.org/10.58020/y3jk-x087] reported here are available for request at the NIDDK Central Repository (NIDDK-CR) website, Resources for Research (R4R), https://repository.niddk.nih.gov/.
Acknowledgment Statement
This research was performed using resources generated by the TEDDY study group, a collaborative clinical study sponsored by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and Breakthrough T1D (formerly JDRF) and supplied by the NIDDK Central Repository (NIDDK-CR). This manuscript was not prepared under the auspices of the TEDDY study group and does not necessarily reflect the opinions and views of the TEDDY study, the CDC, NIDDK-CR, or NIH.
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General Description

While there are hypotheses and preliminary data as to the etiology of type 1 diabetes (T1D), the data are often limited by imprecise assessment of exposure, recall bias, failure to account for genetic susceptibility, failure to assess exposures at very early ages, or the inability to follow a sufficient sample of children long-term with high intensity. The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study is a multicenter prospective cohort study that was established in response to these gaps in understanding of T1D. The primary objectives of the study include identifying environmental factors—such as infectious agents, dietary factors, and psychosocial factors—that trigger or protect against the development of islet autoimmunity and T1D and examining genetic-environmental interactions to investigate interactive effects that contribute to T1D.

The TEDDY study was designed to follow children with and without a family history of T1D to understand the environmental factors that contribute to the disease. Newborn children younger than 4 months were screened for high-risk HLA alleles, and those with qualifying haplotypes were eligible for follow-up. Information is collected on medical information (infections, medication, immunizations), exposure to dietary and other environmental factors, negative life events, family history, tap water, and measurements of psychological stress. Biospecimens, including blood, stool, urine, and nail clippings, are taken at baseline and follow-up study visits. The primary outcome measures include two endpoints—the first appearance of one or more islet cell autoantibodies (GADA, IAA, or IA-2A), confirmed at two consecutive visits, and development of T1D. The cohort will be followed for 15 years, or until the occurrence of one of the primary endpoints.

The TEDDY data currently available include screening phase data, baseline phase data, study phase clinical data, and multiple analysis datasets. Data collection began in 2004 and is still on-going.

Objectives

The primary objectives of the study include identifying environmental factors, specifically infectious agents, dietary factors, and psychosocial factors, that trigger or protect against the development of islet antibodies or T1D and examining genetic-environmental interactions to investigate the mechanisms of these interactive effects.

Outcome Measure

There are two primary outcome measures for this study: (1) the first appearance of one or more islet cell autoantibodies (GADA, IAA, IA-2A), confirmed at two consecutive visits, and (2) development of T1D. Additionally, there are two secondary outcome measures for this study: (1) celiac disease and (2) celiac disease autoimmunity (CDA)

Eligibility Criteria

Newborns less than 4 months of age with either a high-risk HLA haplotype or a first-degree relative affected with T1D were eligible for enrollment.

Patients with an illness or birth defect that precludes long-term follow-up or involves use of treatment that may alter the natural history of diabetes (e.g., steroids or insulin) were excluded from the study.

Outcome

This study is ongoing.

Research Area

Digestive Diseases, Multidisciplinary Research, Diabetes

Study Type

Observational

Study Sites

6

Study Start Date

2004-09

Study End Date

2025-09

Condition

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, Celiac Disease

Keywords

Celiac Disease Autoimmunity (CDA), Celiac Disease, Type 1, Diabetes Mellitus, Islet Autoimmunity, Enviornmental Factor, Genetic-Enviornmental Interaction

NIDDK Division

DEM

424,788
Participants

Target Population
Children

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Non-Public Documents (8)
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Datasets (227)
Datasets Table
Dataset Name
Description
# of Records
# of Variables
File Format(s)
Specimens (5,992,523)
Specimens Table
Specimen
Count
Blood PBS20474
Buffy Coat87535
DNA94230
Extracted mRNA528
MM Tolerance Test1213
Nail Clipping38108
Nasal Swab143959
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test19955
PB-PBMC243678
Plasma1944922
Primary Tooth2334
R-RBC138412
RNA617618
Saliva35931
Serum1502174
Stool599683
Stool PBS3203
Supernatant98537
Tap Water from the Children's Homes191283
Urine184109
Whole Blood24637